CMBUk 1
esckþIepþIm
1.1 lkçN³TUeTA
bEnøKWCaEpñkmYyéncMNIGaharrbs;mnusSEdlminGacxVH)an. vaCaRbPBpþl;nUvsarFatuEr:RbUetGIun
nig vItanmInya:gsMxan;sMrab;RTRTg;dl;ragkayrbs;mnusS. GMbUrsULanaesEdlrYmman
eb:ge)a:H Rtb; dMLÚg)araMg nig emÞsepSgeTot KWCaRbPBd¾sMxan;pgEdr ( rs; lwmhIu/ 1998 ). eb:ge)a:HCadMNaMEdlRbCa
ksikrelIBiPBelakdaMduH. dMNaMeb:ge)a:HmanRbPBmkBICYrPñMGgd¾ Edllatsn§wgya:gEvgkat;
RbeTsmYy
cMnYndUcCaRbeTsb:UlIvI sIlI kULMb‘Í
GkVaT½r eb:r:U nigRbeTsmiusiuckU. dMNaMeb:ge)a:HmantaMgBIyUrNas; mkehIyEdleKdaMlMGrenAtamkEnøgepSg².
eRkaymkeTIbeKnaMykmkeFVIGaCIvkmµenATIVbGWr:ub nigTIVbGa- sIuRtUv)annaMcUlBIGaemrikLaTInedayBaNiC¢kmµCnCatieGs,a:j
nig B½rTuyhÁal; kñúgkMLúgstvtS TI 16 eRkay mkdMNaMeb:ge)a:HenHk¾)anraldaleTAdl;bNþar
RbeTsenATVIb GaRhiVkedayCnCatiGWr:ub .
plitpleb:ge)a:HelIsklelakkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñenHRbEhl
63316000 etanénEpøRss;. é;pÞdI daMduHsrubelIBiPBelakéndMNaMeb:ge)a:HRbEhl 2653000
hicta kñúgedImTsvtS TI 90 eb:ge)a:HCabEnø sMxan;QrenAkñúgcMNat;fñak;elx 2 bnÞab;BIdMNaMdMLÚg)araMgenAkñúgBiPBelak
( taMg s‘un/ 1998 ). kar begáInplitples,ógEdlCadMNaMsMxan;bMputenaHbrimaNbEnøya:gtic
50PaKry EdlkñúgenaHrYmmaneb:g-
e)a:H dMLÚg)araMg és dMNaMeb:ge)a:HKWCaRbPBéndMNaMEdlpþl;nUvsar³RbeyaCn_
ya:geRcIn ¬em:A cnßa/ 2006 ¦.
1.2 mUlehtuénkarsikSa
dMNaMeb:ge)a:HkñúgRbeTskm<úCaRtUv)aneKdaMCaBiessenAtamdgTenø.
PaKeRcInéndMNaMeb:ge)a:HRtUv )aneKdaMenAelIdIl,ab;licTwkeRkayrdUvsMrk
nigmantictYcenAtamralERsKWeKdaMduHEtenArdUvR)aMgeT eday yl;faeXIjbBaðaenHeTIbxJúM)aT)aneRCIserIsykRbFanbTmYysþIBI
kardaMeb:ge)a:HkñúgsUluysüúg.
1>3 eKalbMNg
-
sikSaelIRbsiT§PaBsUluysüúgelIkarlUtlas;rbs;dMNaMeb:ge)a:H
1>4 TMhMénkarsikSa
karBiesaFn_cab;eFVIeT,IgenAéf¶TI
21 Ex kBaØa qñaM2008 rhUtdl;éf¶TI 28 Ex FñÚ qñaM2008.
karBiesaFn_enHmancMnYn 8 sarkñúg 1bc©½y ehIy bc©½yman 3
edayeRbIBUCnaMcUlBIGaemrik (Duchess) .
CMBUk 2
sMeyaKGtßbT
2>1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaMeb:ge)a:H
enAcugstvtSTI 19 dMNaMeb:ge)a:HTTYlkareBjniymkan;EteRcIneLIgenAkñúgtMbn;RtUBic
nig s‘ub- RtUBic. sBVéf¶enAelIBiPBelakeb:ge)a:HKW CadMNaMsMMxan;QrelIcMNat;fñak;elx
2 bnÞab;BIdMLÚg)araMgeRka-ymkedaykMenInRbCanCnxHydroponic nigBak;kNaþal Hyd-
roponic enAkñúgpÞH)aøsÞic CaedIm ¬em:A cnßa/ 2006¦ .
2>1>1 Rbvtþi nig RbPBedImeb:ge)a:H
dMNaMeb:ge)a:HmanedImkMeNItenAGaemrickNþal
nig Gaemricxagt,Úg. dMNaMeb:ge)a:HmaneQµaH viTüasaRsþ Lycopersicon esculentum Mill manRbPBedImCarukçCatiéRBmankMeNItenA RbeTseb:rU: CYrPñMGgd¾Edllatsn§wgya:gEvgkat;RbeTsmYycMnYndUcCa
bUlIvI sIulI kULMbI eGkaVT½r miucsiukU. dMbUgvaRtUv )aneKdaMenARbeTsmiusiuckU ehIyeRkaymkvaRtUv)aneKnaMmkTIVbGWr:ub
kat;tammhasmuRT)a:sIuhVic RbeTs hIVlIBIn nig ma:eLsIu edayGñkrukrkCnCatieGs,a:j
nig BaNiC¢krCnCatiB½rTuyhaÁl;kñúgkMLúgeBlstvtü
TI16. eRkaymkdMNaMenHk¾raldaldl;bNaþlRbeTsenATVIbGaRhVikedayCnCatiGWr:ub.
dMNaMeb:ge)a:H)an
naMcUlRbeTskm<úCaenAqñaM
1954 mkeFIVCaBUCdMNaM. eRkaymkedaykMenInRbCaCnx
eRcIneFIVeGaymnusSmankarEbkKMniteFIVkarbgáat;eRCIserIsBUCfµI²EdlmanlkçN³smRsbeTAnwgtMbn;rbs;xøÜn
¬em:A cnßa/ 2006¦ .
2>1>2 plitkmµdMNaMeb:ge)a:H
k>
enAelIBiPBelak
plitkmµdMNaMeb:ge)a:HelIBiPBelakkñúgqñaM1941 eTA1953EdldaMenAelIépÞdI
1705000hicta
TTYl)anTinñplRbmaN
987600etan. enAkñúgqñaM 1962 enAelIBiPBelakTTYlTinñpl 163580etan
daMelIépÞdI246360hicta.
tamelak)aneGaydwgfaplitpleb:ge)a:HenAelIBiPBelakkñúgqñaM 1997 mancMnYn 95127 Ban;etanenAGasIumancMnYn
41488Ban;etan GWr:ubmancMnYn 22009Ban;etanGaRhVikman
cMnYn 10963Ban;etan
Gaemrikxagt,ÚgcMnYn 6120Ban;etan nig GaemrikkNþalcMnYn 13646Ban;etan ¬taragTI1¦
.
ebItamkar)a:n;sµanCaerogral;qñaMplitpleb:ge)a:HenAmanelIBiPBelakmanRbEhlCa
7lanetan daMelIé;pÞdIRbEhlBI 2-7 hicta. edayELkplitpleb:ge)a:HenAkñúgtMbn;RtUBicKWeyagtamrdUvkalehIy
manktþaCaeRcInEdlGaceFVIeGaykarplitdMNaMeb:ge)a:HcuHTabdUcCa sItuNðPaB sMeNImx
taragTI
1 ³ plitkmµdMNaMeb:ge)a:HkñúgBiPBelak 1887 ¬Word Tomato Production ¦
|
tMbn;;\RbeTs
|
épÞdI¬ha¦
|
plitpl¬T¦
|
|
BiPBelak
|
3542
|
95127
|
|
GasuI
|
1794
|
41488
|
|
GWr:ub
|
701
|
22009
|
|
GaRBic
|
492
|
10963
|
|
GaemrickNþal
|
306
|
13646
|
|
Gaemricxagt,Úg
|
157
|
6120
|
RbPB ³ em:A
cnßa/ 2006
x>
eb:ge)a:HenAkm¶<úCa
plitplbEnøenARbeTskm<úCamanlkçN³sMbUrEbb nig
eRcInRbePTeyIgTTYlkarrIkcMerInKYreGay
kt;sMKal;. enArvagstvtSTI 50nig 60 plitpl)anekIneLIgeTVrdg edaysarcMnYnRbCaCnCayRkug
ekIneLIgdMNaMbEnø)anrIkcMerInya:gelOnenACMuvijraCFanIPñMeBjCaBiessenAPaKGaeKñy_
nig PaKxat,ÚgEdl
CatMbn;dMNaMcMruHenAtammat;Tenø
.
eKsMKal;eXIjfakarnaMcUlbEnøRBmTaMgEpøeQIBIiiibreTsfycuHCamFümBI
6000etanenAqñaM 1953 -1963mk 2000etan kñúgqñaM1963
- 1967. dUecñHkarRsg;sßitirbs;mRnþIraCkar enAtambNþaextþKWCa
kareRbIsßitirYmelIRbePTbEnø. sßitidMNaMbEnøTUeTACamFümPaKBIqñaM 11998RbmaNBI
29412 eTA 44225hictanigTinñplsrubkñúgmYyqñaM 265350etan. eKsegáteXIjfaksikrTUTaMgextþkNþal)andaM
duHdMNaMeb:ge)a:HelIé;pÞdIeRcInCag
1000 hictaCaerogral;qñaM ¬em:A cnßa/ 2006¦ .
2>1>3
GtßRbeyaCn_dMNaMeb:ge)a:H
kalBIsm½yburaNdMNaMeb:ge)a:HKWCadMNaMmYyRbePTEdleKEtgEtdaMenAkñúgsYnlMGrenAkñúgRbeTsGg;eKøs
EteRkaymkedaysar karsikSaRsavRCav BIRkumGñkekSRtviTU sarFatusMxan;²enAkñúgsøwkedImEpøeFVI
eGayeKmancMNab;GarmµN_CaxøaMgenAkñúgqñaM
1544 karrIksayPaykan;EtxøaMgrhUtdl; qñaM 1821
eK)an
eFVIkarGPirkSnUvlkçN³rbs;vaBItMbt;CaeRcInenARbeTsGaemrik
mkrkSaTukenARbeTseb:r:U .
k>
sar³sMxan;EpñkmðÚbGahar
Epørbs;vaRtUv)aneKTTYlTaneqA b¤ cMGineKGacykvaeTAeFVICaTwkEpøeQI TwkRClk;
Twkeb:ge)a:H Twks‘ub Twkeb:ge)a:Hxab;²dMNab; nig eFVIemSA .
eb:ge)a:HCaeRcInRtUv)aneKeRbIkñúg]sSahkmµeRKOgkMb:ug. eb:ge)a:Hx©IRtUv)aneKykmkeFVICaRCk;. enAkñúgEpøeb:ge)a:HeRkABIvItamIn
A B nig Ck¾enAmansaFatuEr:epSg²
eTotdUcCa
Ca, Ne,
K, Zn, Mg, Fe .l. ¬em:A cnßa/ 2006¦.
taragTI
2 ³ sarFatuciBa©wm enAkñúgeb:ge)a:H100Rkam
|
Twk
|
44 g
|
|
RbUetGIun
|
1/0 g
|
|
xaøj;
|
0/2 g
|
|
kabUnGIuRdat
|
3/6 g
|
|
kalsüÜm
|
10 mg
|
|
Edk
|
0/6 mg
|
|
ma:ejsüÚm
|
10 mg
|
|
pUsV½r
|
16 mg
|
|
vItamIn A
|
1700 UI
|
|
vItamIn B1
|
0/1 mg
|
|
vItamIn B2
|
0/002 mg
|
|
vItamIn C
|
21 mg
|
|
nIja:sIun
|
0/6 mg
|
|
famBl
|
80 kilosold
|
|
kaksMNl;
|
6 °
|
|
sarFatus¶Üt
|
6/2 °
|
|
kar:UEtn
|
0/5 mg
|
|
rIbUpøavin
|
0/004 mg
|
RbPB ³ em:A cnßa/ 2006
x> sarsMxan;esdækic©
tamkarGegátenARbeTscMnYn 9 éntMbn;TVIbGasIudMNaMeb:ge)a:HRtUvCacMNat;fñak; elxmYykñúgcMenam
bEnøTaMg
100mux. kmµviFIBiesaFn_RsavRCavksikmµRBmTaMgGñkeFVIEpnkarraCrdæaPi)alénRbeTsnanakñúg
tMbn;RtUcBic
kMBugCMrujvis½yksikmµdMNaMeb:ge)a:H edaysardMNaMenHCaRbPBmeFüa)ayEdlGacelIksÞÜy
nig EklMGrCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶rbs;RbCaCn.
eRkABIkardaMduHsMrab;pÁt;pÁg;RKYsareb:ge)a:HEdlenAsl;Gaclk;enATIpSarEdlGacpþl;R)ak;kMér
eRcIn b¤tictYcGaRs½ytambrimaNplitpl. kardaMeb:ge)aHtamRKYsarGackat;bnßyR)ak;sMrab;Tij
bEnøBITIpSar nig GacmanbEnøRss;²sMrab;briePaK. enAkñúgtMbn;RtUBicb¤RbeTseCOnelOneRkABIkardaMeb:ge)a:HCalkçN³
RKYsareK)andaMenAelIépÞdIFM²rab;sibhictaeRbIedayeRKOgynþnigbecÞkeTsTMenIbdUcCakarbgáat;BUCfµIkardaMrebobsib,nimiµtkñúgrdUvFøak;Twkkk
karGnuvtþn_RbBlvb,kmµ kareRbIR)as;ksiplenAkñúgeragcRk]sSahkmµ
kardwkCBa¢Úntamnavab¤rfPøWgBItMbn;mYyeTAtMbn;mYyBIRbeTsmYyeTARbeTsmYyya:gqab;rh½s. dUecñHtam
ry³meFüa)ayTaMgenHGaceGayeKTTYlR)ak;kMérya:geRcIn
¬em:A cnßa/ 2006¦.
2>2
lkçxNÐbrisßandMNaMeb:ge)a:H
2>2>1 sItuNðPaB
sItuNðPaBCaktþamYysMxan;mYyEdlkMNt;nUvkarlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM
ehIyvaman\T§iBleTAelIkar lUtlas;BBYk)ak;etrI stVl¥it eNma:tUt pSit ehIy nig
BBYksarBagÁkaymYycMnYneTot. eb:ge)a:H GaclUtlas;)annUvsItuNðPaBBI 10-44 GgSaesEtsItuNðPaBsmRsbKW
26-32 GgSaes. BUCeb:ge)a:H CaeRcInebIsItuNðPaBelIsBI 40GgSaes kñúgryHeBlya:gtic4ema:gvaRCuHpáa.
sItuNðPaB eBlyb;BI 13-24GgSaes KWcaM)ac;sMrab;karkekItEpø. sItuNðPaBsMrab;dMNuHRKab;eb:ge)a:HKW
29GgSaes niyayrYmcenøaH BI24-31GgSaes. tamkarBisaFn_rbs;elak AsahiraenAqñaM1975 eTARbB½næsItuNðPaBenAkñúgeBlEdl sItuNðPaB20/5GgSaeseBlyb;sItuNðPaBBI
16 - 22 GgSaes kñúgvKÁlUtlas;dMNaMeb:ge)a:HGacBnøÚt RbB½n§b¤sya:g EvgrhUtdl;CMerA
1 - 1/5 sg;TIEm:Rt .
sItuNðPaBeBléf¶elIsBI32 GgSaesehIysItuNðPaBeBlyb;TabCag
43 GgSaeseFVIeGayeb:g
e)a:HRCuHpáanigEpøRBmTaMgeFVIeGayxUcRbB½næb¤seTotpg.ebIsItuNðPaB10GgSaes
kñúgkMLúgeBlBI 25-30
éf¶ebIeFob
nig sItuNðPaB 28 GgSaes RKab;RtUvEtry³eBl 4 - 5 éf¶b:enñaH .
sItuNðPaBTabeBkeFVIeGaymanplb:HBal;dl;karkekItEpø
nig TTYlrgnUvCm¶Wb:uEnþsItuNðPax
2>2>2
BnøW
BnøWmansar³sMxan;Nas;sMrab;dMNkdegðIm
nig rsµIsMeyaKénrukçCatiTUeTA. edayELkdMNaMeb:g e)a:HqøgtamkarBiesaFn_)anbgðajeGaydwgfaenATVIGwr:ub
nig GWr:ubEb:kxageCIgdMNaMeb:ge)a:H eKdaMenAeRkam
dMbUlpÞHkBa©k;sMrab;vak¾edayvaBMu)anTTYlTinñplx
dMNaMRtUvkarBnøWEvgb¤sßitenAkNþal
¬cenøaHBnøWEvg nig xøI¦ ehtudUecñH)anCaenARbeTskm<úCaeKniymdaMenA
rdUvR)aMg.
2>2>3
Twk
eb:ge)a:HCadMNaMminFn;Twk nig raMgs¶ÜteBkeT.
TinñplfycuHxøaMgRbsinebImankarxVHxatTwkdUcenH CakarsMxan;Nas;RtUveFVIkareRsacTwkCaRbcaMCaBiesskñúgkMLúgeBlecjpáa
nig Epø. brimaN TwkcaM)ac; k¾GaRs½yelIRbePTdInigGakasFatupgEdr. edIm,IkarBarCm¶WKYreRsacRsBenAeBlRBwkedIm,ITb;Tl;karlUt
las;rbs;pSitb:uEnþminRtUveGaydkTwkelIcMkareGayelIsBI 4-6 ema:geRkayBIeRsacRsBsMeNImsmRsb
BI 70-75
PaKryb:ueNÑaH .
2>2>4
dI nig sarFatuciBa©wmenAkñúgdI
eb:ge)a:HGacduHlUtlas;)anl¥enAelIdIeRcInRbePT. dIEdlsmRsbsMrab; dMNaMeb:ge)a:H
KW dIminCaM Twk RCabTwk)anl¥nig dImanCatiGasUttic. dMNaeb:ge)a:HMRtUvkarsarFatuEr:sMxan;kñúgTMrgCaGIuy:ugEdlRsUb
edayb¤s. sarFatusMxan;Edleb:ge)a:HRtUv karcMnYneRcInman N, P, K, Ca, Mg, nig S . cMENkÉFatutUc²Edleb:Hge)a:HRtUvkarcMnYntictYcman Fe, Mn ,Zn, Mo, Ca,
dIEdlmanCatiGasUtcMbgl¥ pH BI 6 -
7/5 k¾l¥sMrab;dMNaMeb:ge)a:H ¬em:A cnßa/ 2006¦.
2>3
lkçN³rUbsaRsþrbs;eb:ge)a:H
2>3>1 cMNat;fñak;
dMNaMeb:ge)a:HRtUv)aneKcat;cUleTAkñúgRKYsar
solanacea lMdab; solanam Miller maneQµaHviTüa
saRsþ lycojper sicon esculintum
eKEbgEckRbePT lycoperdicon escutentumCaBIrRbePTedayEp¥kelI
RbePTrbs;BN’dUcCa
³
-
RbePT Eerasiform eBlTMumanBN’RbepHehIyEpøtUc² TTwg1/5 - 3 sg;TIEm:Rt
-
RbePT Esulintum EpømanTMhMFMCag 3sg;TIEm:Rt eLIgeTARbePTenHeFVIeGayGñk
viTüasaRsþ
cab;GarmµN_ehIyEbgEcklkçN³BiessCaRkumtUc²cMnYn5
eTotdUcCa³ RkumTI1 lkçN³lUtlas;kMNt;min
kMNt; nigBak;kNþalkMNt; Interminte, Determinate nig SemiDeterminate. RkumTI2TMhMEpøtUc²ehIy
mUldUcCaRbePTCherry Tm¶n;mFümkñúg1Epø 30Rkam money market 80eRkamMdium nig Large
round Tm¶n;120-150eRkam. RkumTI3TMrg;EpødUcCamUlrags‘utmUlRTEvg.RkumTI4
TMrg;EpødUc CamUlrags‘utBN’ Rkhm BN’sIuCMBkUTwkRkUc b¤elOg. RkumTI5eTAtamkareRbIeR)as;sMrab;TIpSarEpøRss;b¤eb:ge)a:HEkécñ.
2>3>2 lkçN³rbs;søwk
søwkkUTIeLdUn2enAQmKñaBIelI Hypocotyl ehIymanBN’ébtgrelagKµaneram. søwkBitduHecj
bnÞab;BIkarBnøÚtedImdMbUgkMNt;TgTI1BIelI
Hypoctyl
. Hypocotyl dMbUgsegáteXIjkMBUlénsøwkCakBa©úM
eRkayBnøÚtEvgCaTgsøwkmYyTgsøwkenaHduHecjBIcMehogénedImmanragmUlRTEvgehIy mansøwkCMrak;l¥it²
enAQmKñacenøaHTgsøwkeTal nig tYrsøwkmaneramBN’xSac;s²x©I²bMEbksøwktUc²
enAQmKñaCaKUr²mancMnYn
3KUrehIyenAcugbBa©b;énTgsøwkmanEtsøwkmYy. RbEvgénsøwkGacERbRbYleTAtamBUC
nig GayukarlUlas;
rbs;vacenøaHBI 15 - 50sg;TIEm:Rt RbEvgTTwg 10 - 30 sg;TIEm:Rt
eKeGayeQµaHfasñit .
|
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|
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rUbPaBTI>1
lkçN³søwk
2>3>3 lkçN³edIm
enAkñúglkçxNÐGMeNaypleb:ge)a:HGaclUtlas;RbcaMqñaM
ehIymankMBs;rhUtdl;2Em:Rtb¤ elIsBI
enaHebImanTMrg;mUlrWRCug ehIypÁúMKñaCakg;²cenøaHsøwkmYyeTAsøwkmYy.
enAelIedImmaneramBN’xSac;xøI²duH ecjBIsMbkénedImehAfa Pñas;eGBIEDm. kalNaeyIgkat;TTwgedImeKsegáteXIjedImbgÁúMeLIgedayGgá-
Fatu4 cMENkKW ³
-
rgVg;TI1
RsTab;eRkAeKehAfaRsTab;eénedIm
-
rgVg;TI2
CaRsTab;Can;TI2ehAfasésnaMcuH
-
rgVg;TI3
KWCabNþÚlsac;rwgehAfasésnaMeLIg
- rgVg;TI4 CasñÚlesPith.
edImlUtlas;eTAtamRbePTénBUCEdllUtlas;minkMNt;eKsMKal;edayEsñgpáaecjcMehogedIm
ehIyRtYy
mansPaBlUtlas;bnþeTAelIehAfa Indeterminatetype . RbePTlUtlas;kMNt;PaKeRcInmankMBs;edIm
TabbBa©b;karlUtlas;edayEsñgpáaehAfa Determinatetype. RbePTlUtlas;Bak;kNþalkMNt;KWmanmk
xøHlUtlas;bnþEmkxøHeTotbBaÄb;karlUtlas;enAedImEtmYyehAfa
Semi-determinatetype ¬m:ug v:an;DI/ 2000¦.
2>3>4 lkçN³rUbsNæanénpáa
páaeb:ge)a:HpþúMenAelIEsñgpáaEdlecjBIedIm
b¤EmkcenøaHsøwkBI 3-4snøwk søwkmYymanlkçN³pÞúyb¤
qøas;Kña ¬alternate¦ rvagTgpáanimYy²EdleGayeQµaHfa
Inflorescence. enAEsñgpáanimYy²manpáaBI6-12páa
ehIykñúgmYyedImmanEsñgpÁúMBI30-100. páanimYy²manmuxkat;RbmaN 2s>m eBlvarIk ¬bnþBUC¦
enAelItYpáanimUy²pþúMedayRsdg;páaenABIelIcMnYn 6 ¬6Calyxegments¦RtbkpáacMnYn 5¬5Corollasegment¦
manRsTab;ruMeksjI nig eQµalcMnYn5¬5Anters¦maneksjImYy¬Overy¦RBmTaMgbMBgGUEvmYynigmat;GUEv
ehAfasÞicma ¬Stigma¦. páanimYy²)anduHecjBIEsñpáak¾manTMrg;xusKñarvagpáanimYy²EdleGayeQµaHfa
Alternateofcharcteristics .
|
rUbPaBTI 2 ³ rUbsNæanrbs;páa
2>3>5 lkçN³énrUbsNæanEpø
Epøeb:ge)a:HRtUv)anP¢ab;mkEsñgpáarbs;vaedayTgpáa.
Epøeb:ge)a:HmanTMrg;CaeRcIn³
-mUlRTEvgRsYck,alehAfa
Oval shape
-mUldUcEpndIehAfa
Globle shape
-mUlRTEvgesµIk,alKUfehAfa Oblong shape
-mUlRTmacRsYck,alehAfa Deep globle shape
-mUlRTEvgesµIk,alRsYcKUfehAfa Heart shape
- ragmUlRTmacehAfa Oblate shape
2>3>6 lkçN³sMKal;énRKab;
RKab;eb:ge)a:HmanmUlsMEb:t
slattened ovoid ehIymaneramBN’etñatRBmTaMgmanGgát;p©it
3-5 sg;TIEm:Rt x 2-4sg;TIEm:Rt kñúgmYyEpømanCamFüm
150RKab;ehIymanTMgn;kñúg 1Rkam manBI240-300RKab;. enAkñúgRKab;GacmanCatieRbgRbmaN20-24PaK.
RKab;pÁúMeLIgedaycMENkCaeRcInKWenAEpñk
xageRkAmaneram sMbkRKab; ehAfa Seed coat hiar bnÞab;mksMbkRKab; .
|
|
|||||
rUbPaBTI 3 ³
sNæanrbs;RKab;
2>3>7 lkçN³RbB½n§b¤s
eb:ge)a:HmanRbB½n§b¤s
3ya:g enAeBlduHBnøkdMbUgsb¤Ekv primary rootb¤senHGaclUtlas;cak;
cUleTAkñúgdI)anCeRmA 0/5Em:Rt eTA 1/1Em:Rt . eRkaymkb¤sTI2ehAfab¤sreyagGacduHecjBIRbpþúMb¤s
nig BIb¤sdMbUgCaeRcInvaGacduHlUtlas;nig cak;cUleTAkñúgdICeRmA 30eTA50sg;TIEm:Rt
enACab;CamYyb¤s
enaHmansrésb¤sCBa¢k;tUc²CaeRcIRsUbykCICati nig Twk. b¤sTI3 ehAfa b¤sRBeyag b¤senaHduHecj
BIedIm ¬Kl;¦ Ek,rdIenAkñúgvKÁlUtlas; nig
ecjpáakalNaedImvamandMeNkduHecjya:geRcIn.
2>4 lkçN³CIvsaRsþéndMNaMeb:ge)a:H
2>4>1
vKÁlUtlas;éndMNaMeb:ge)a:H
eb:ge)a:HlUtlas;cab;BItMbn;TMnabrhUtdl;tMbn;x
k / karduHBnøk
RKab;GacduHBnøk)ankalNamanlkçxNÐsMenIm
nig sItuNÑPaBRKab; . søwkkUTIeLdUn)anpÁúMeGay
Cab;KñaenAkñúgbMEnkénRKab;BUC ehIy rs;enAkñúgRKab;BUCkñúgTMrg;CaGMRb‘Íy:ugEdlpÞúkeTAedaysarFatuciBa©wm
EdlehAfa Assimilate
food. varIklUtlas;
nig BRgIkBnøkecjmkeRkAeRkayeBlRKab;BUCRsUbyk
sMeNImkMedA nig GuksIEsnRKb;RKan;begáIt)anCakør:U)øas;ehIyBRgIknUvTMhMedayduHecjBIcenøaHbgÁúMénRKab;
cak;ecjmkeRkAedayTMhMsnÞHRKab;ehAfaGg;dUEsSeed coat enAeBlduHBnøkehA faEmergenAeBlenaHkUTIeLdnUTaMgBIrBRgIkeLIgFMkñúgcenaøHsItuNðPaB15>5GgSaes.
sItuNðPaBsMrab;kar
vivDÄncab;BI 1820GgSaes kñúgry³eBl 45 éf¶CamYy nig sItuNðPaBdI
20 eTA 25GgSaes begáIt)anCakUnsMNab;.dMNaMeb:ge)a:HTamTarnUvlkçxNÐya:gRtwmRtUvsMrab;duHlUtlas;.
eBlBnøkcak;cUl
eTAkñúgdIdMbUgelcecjnUvBnøkénk,al;b¤sehAfa Radicle bnÞb;mkenAcug Radicle
BnøkeLIgmkelIdI edayTUlmkCamYynUvsøwkkUTIeLdugTaMgBIrputBIEdlehAfa
Hypocotyl . tamkarBiesaFn_
verker 1964 karduHBnøkeGay kMenIteTAkUnsMNab;kñúglkçxNÐsItuNðPaB
20 eTA 25 GgSaes manry³eBlBI 4 eTA 7éf¶GaRs½yeTAtamRbePTBUC nig ry³eBlénkarTukdakEdlehAfa
Seeddormancy . dUcenHkarduHBnøk
rbs;RKab;BUCeb:ge)a:HktþabIsMxan;KWsMeNImsItuNðPaB nig
RbB½n§.
x / karlUtlas;edIm nig søwk
eb:ge)a:HCaRbePTdMNaMlUtlas;bnþrhUtdl;bBa©b;karRbmUlpl. karlUtlas;edImsøwkcab;epþImBI
vKÁkUnsMNabrhUtdl;BRgIkEpøedImsøwk bnþlUtlas;kñúgdMNak;kalEtmYysøwkBI TI1 nig cab;epþImduHecjBI
EmkxagelIénsøwkkUTIeLdugEdlehAfa Hypocotyl b¤edIm. karduHecjsøwkbitBIedImsøwkkñúgRbB½n§qøas;Qm
nigedIm. kñúglkçxNÐsItuNðPaBsmRsbBI 20eTA25GgSaesCasMeNImdIRKb;RKan;sMeNImbriyakasBI70
eTA80PaKrykarlUtlas;elOn ehIy GacduHecjEmkBIKl;Tgénsøwk
ehIy GacbnþrhUtdl;vKÁlUtlas;
páa Epø søwk duHecjCabnþbnÞab;vasßitenAelIedImmankUnsøwktUc²
søwkCaeRcInduHecjQm RsbKñaBIKl;Tgsøwk
rhUtdl;cugénTgsøwk. enAkñúgdMNak;kalenHkalNasItuNðPaBcuHTabmkRtwm
15GgSaes eFVIeGaysøwk
ERbRbYlTMrg;eTACaFMRkas; nig müa:geTotkalNasItuNðPaBekIneLIgdl;
25GgSaes GaceFVIeGaysøwkxµÚr
b¤ERbBN’
¬em:A cnßa/ 2006¦.
K / karecjpáanigbnþBUC
páanwgGaccab;epþImecjCabnþbnÞab;eRkayBIvKÁ
eBjeljénkarlUtlas; rbs;edImEdltRmUveGay
mansItuNðPaBTabCagbgÁÜrCalkçxNÐmYybgáeGaymankarbgábegáItpáa
nig begáInkarrIk nig eraylMGg ya:grh½sRBmTaMgbegáItcMnYnpáaEpø)aneRcIncab;taMgBIkRmit
18GgSaes eLIgeTAenAvKÁbegáInpáa nig ecjpáa
eb:ge)a:Hcab;epþImRbmUlnUvsarFatuciBa©wmTaMgLayEdlsMrab;RTRTg;kñúgkarbgákMeNIt
.
tamkarGHGagrbs;elak Verkerk 1963fakalNasItuNðPaBeLIgx
BUCjIxøI
ehIy sÞicma:rbs;páamanTMrg;xusBIRbRktIe)a:g b¤ sMEb:tkñúgry³eBl 3éf¶fg;lMGgpáaeQµalTaMg 5
ehAfa ¬Anther¦ RtUvbgáeGaymaneRKaHfñak;
KWs¶ÜtminEbklMGgkñúg kRmitsItuNðPaBB 28 GgSaesCa
sItuNðPaBmFümRbcaMéf¶.
lkçxNÐsmRsbKW 24-28GgSaes kñúgry³eBl 48-72ema:gbnÞab;BIlkçxNÐ sItuNðPaBdUcxagelIbnÞab;BIbnþBUCrYc
ehIy eKsegáteXIjkþwbtUc²elceLIg .
CaTUeTAtamkarbkRsayrbs;elak Rukichand Athertom 1986 faeb:ge)a:H nig ecjpáakñúg
ry³eBl 5 eTA 7GaTitüeRkayeBlsabehIyGacmanpáaBI 30eTA100páakñúgmYycegáamb:uEnþGacbegIátEpø
)anRtwm6eTA12Epøb:uenñaH.
eb:ge)a:HCaRbePTdMNaMbnþBUCedayxøÜnÉgb:uEnþvak¾CadMNaMmYyEdlGacgay nig bgáat;qøgeTAvijeTAmkEdlGaeKehAfa Cross-pollinatedkñúglkçxNÐrdUvxül;qøgtamkarGHGagrbs;elak
George 1985 favaGaRs½y lMGgtamFmµCati)ancMgayBI 30 eTA 200Em:Rt .
X
/ karbegáItEpø
eRkayBIbBa©b;karbgákMeNItkñúgry³eBl 48
eTA 72ema:g rYcmkeKsegáteXIjpáaeb:ge)a:HrIkeLIg
dEdlb:uEnþRsTab;páamankarERbRbYlBIBN’elOgRss;eTAelOgRsal;ehIysnÞHKMrbeksjI
ni;g ekseQµal ehAfa pistil sVitRseBanehIyRCuHTaMgBIreBlenaHeKsegáteXIjkMeNIténEpøbegáIteLIg ¬Fruit set¦ .
2>4>2 GMeBIsarFatuciBa©wm
k / sarFatuGasUt ¬N¦
karsikSaCaeRcInGMeBIén\T§iBlGasUteTAelIdMNaMeb:ge)a:HdUcCaelak
Srark 1986 )anrkeXIj fakarekIneLIgénkarRsUbyksarFatuGasUtRBmKñaCamYy
nig kardak;bEnßmnUvbrimaN nig vKÁlUtlas; rbs;vanimYy². kñúgenaHEdrlT§plviPaKrbs;elak
Mamonova kñúgqñaM 1978 rkeXIjfasarFatuGasUt EdlRsUb)anBIkardak;b¤manRsabenAkñúgdIeTAelIeb:ge)a:HTMuman
10KILÚRkamEpøman 23/4RkaménGasUt. kñúgenaHEdrelak
Yawalker enAkñúgqñaM 1962 )aneFVIr)aykarN_mYysþIBIkarTMnak;TMng;sarFatuGasUtenA
kñúgEpøeb:ge)a:HEdledImrbs;vaplit)anRtUvkarRsUbyksarFatuGasUtBIdITm¶n; 2/90 KILÚRkam
nig 0>45 KILÚRkam én Mg .
x / GMeBIsarFatupUsV½r ¬P¦
CaFmµtakarTTYlrgnUvkgVHsarFatu
P enAkñúgdIKW kgVHsarFatuGMbilxniC)anbegáIteLIg nUvPaBmin
RbRktIKWCakarvivDÆn nig bnþBUCnUvsarFatuepSgyWt². karkgVHenHbNþaleGayedImtUcravTn; minQrRtg; ehIymanBN’ébtg; saVy b¤QamRCUkRsGab;
b¤sxøI²manBN’ébtgetñatehIylUtlas;yWtTaMgRbB½n§b¤s
pUs½VrmannaTIya:gsMxan;sMrab;cUlrYmkñúgkarBRgIkRbB½n§ekasikadUcCaedIm
b¤snig søwkCa BiessvacUlrYmeFVI
karvivDÆRbB½n§ énRbB½n§lMGgRKab;BUCCaBiessKWGMRb‘Íy:ugkalNadIkgVHnUvFatupUsV½reFVIeGay
RKab;BUCmandM-
NuHexSay nig PaKryTab .
K / GMeBIsarFatu b:UtasüÚm ¬K ¦
sarFatub:UtasüÚmmansar³sMxan;
KWeFVIeGayedImlUtlas;l¥TinñplsmRsb . lT§iplénkarRsav
RCaveRcIn)anbgðajGMBIkarkgVHxatnUv sarFatub:UtasüÚm .
enAkñúgqñaM 1926 elak Bewley nig elak White )anrkeXIjGMBIkarxVHxat b:UtasüÚmeFVIeGaysøwkmanBN’ébtgRkem:A ehIyrwg
EdlbNþalmkBI karsMeyaKminRKb;RKan;sMrab;karcUlrYmbegáItnUvRbB½n§BN’ébtgERbeTACaBN’etñatRbepH.
tamkarviPaKcMEnknimYy²énedImsøwkpáa\T§iBlénkarxVHFatub:UtasüÚmRtUv)anrYmCamYy nig
karxVHxatFatu CaMg pgEdr. sarFatub:UtasüÚm eFVIclnaelOncUleTAkñúg
RbB½n§GasuItemtab:UlIs CaBiessvamunbegáIt eLIgsarFatusárFmµCatiEdlehAfa Natural Sugar Metabolism edayelak Tanssen nig elak Bartholomew
1926
)anbBa¢ak;fabrimaNd¾x
X / tMrUvkarTwk
dMNaMeb:ge)a:HminGacFn;RTaMeTA
nwgbrimaNTwkeRcInelIslb;)aneTkalNapþlTwkeRcInelIsesc-
kþIRtUvkarkñúgvKÁnimYy²rbs;va. brimaNTwkeRcIneFVIeGaysMNab;dIhab;cuHmanGMeBIeTAelIRbB½n§b¤sminGac
duHlUtlas; nig RsUbykCICati)aneLIyCaBiess bNþaleGaybrimaNGuksIuEsn
enAkñúgdIfycuH . tamkarRsavRCavrbs;elak Singh nig Joon 1950 EdleFVIkarsikSaGMBI\T§iBlénTwkeTAelI
dMNaM eb:ge)a:H)anbgðajfaeb:ge)a:HRtUvkarTwkya:gRbugRby½tñRbsinebItamesckþIRtUvkarrbs;va kñúgvKÁnimYy²eT
enaHvabNþaleGayeRKaHfañk;CabnþbnÞab; .
dMNaMeb:ge)a:HGacRsUbykCatiTwk)antammeFüa)ayepSg²
CaeRcInkñúglkçxNÐEdlvaRtUveRbIR)as;
Tinñn½y)anbgðajfakñúgmYyvdþCIviténdMNaMeb:ge)a:HvaRsUbykCICatiBIdIb¤BIRbPBepSg²cMnYYnBI
75 eTA 99 lIRtkñúgmYyedImkñúgryHeBlBI 95 eTA 150éf¶.
2>5
bBaðaelIdMNaMeb:ge)a:H
2>5>1
Cm¶WelIeb:ge)a:H
k / Cm¶WGuCenAelIsøwk nig Epø ¬Anthracnose¦
- Pañk;garcMlg ³ Colletotracnim
coccodes colletotrichun spp
- eraKsBaØa ³ Cm¶WenHekItmaneTAelIEpøsøwk
nig eBlxøHeKsegáteXIjmankarratt,ateTAelIb¤sén
dMMNaMmYyeTot
. dMbUgeKeXIjcMnucsuH²enAelIsøwk
¬krNIekItenAelIsøwkbnÞab;mkcMnucsuH TaMgenaHkanEt
rIkdl;FMeLIg²ehIymanBN’eRcHEdls¶ÜtCavgVg;CMuvijEdlmanGgát;p©it
12mIlIEm:Rt ¦. ekItBas;eBjépÞ
søwkeFIVeGaysøwkenHBMuGaceFVIrsµIIsMeyaK)an
.
-
viFankarN_karBar
³
- eRbIR)as;RKab;BUCEdlKµankarratt,atBIPañkgarcMlg
Use Pathogen Force Seed
- dMNaMqøas; Crop Rotation
- kat;bnßykareRsacRsB
- eBlCYbRbTHdMbUgeRbIfñaMpSit)aj;karBar
- eFVIkarRCMudIedIm,IeGaymanxül;ecjcUl
nig s¶Üt
- bnßykareRsacRsBBIelIedIm
rUbPaBTI
4 ³ karbMpøajrbs;Cm¶W Anrhracnose elIEpøeb:ge)a:H
x / Cm¶WrlYypSitKl; ¬Stem rot on southern blight¦
-
Pañk;garbgáCm¶W ³ sclerotium rotfsii
-
eraKsBaØa ³ Cm¶WpSitRbePTenHEtgbMpøajdMNaMCaeRcInRbePTdUcCaRkumemÞs eb:ge)a:H
és< Rtsk; dMbUgeKsegáteXIj Kl;eb:ge)a:HCMuvijKl; ehIy Emkeb:ge)a:HrlatesIm²mYYyEpñkenAEk,rdI
CMuvijKl; ehIyEmkeb:ge)a:HenAEpñkxagrlat;enaHmankarRseBanbnþicmþg²ry³eBl
23 éf¶bnÞab;mkvarIkraldalCMu
vijKl;ehIy elcecjenaHrIkraldalCMuvijKl; ehIyelcecjpSitBN’sEdlehAfa
Mycelium .
- lkçxNÐbgá ³ kareRCIserIsCIRss;P¢ÚÜrlubenAkñúgdIBMuTan;bMEbkFatu)anl¥b¤kaksMNl;BIrdUvmun
Edlkb;enAkñúgdIBMuTan;Bukpuuyl¥kar dMadMNaMMGMbUrd¾EdlEtgEtrgkarbMpøajCajwkjab; ehIymin)anGnam½y
sMeNImx
rUbPaBTI 5 ³
Cm¶WrlakKl;eb:ge)a:H
-viFankarN_karBar
- P¢ÜrdIeGay)aneRCAedIm,Ibgáb;s
- pøas;muxdMNaM
- dkedImEdlmanCm¶Wecal
- )aj;fañMkarBar
K / Cm¶WrlYyKl;kUneb:ge)a:H ¬Dampihg
off¦
- Pañ;kgarbgáCm¶W
³ Pythium Aphamidermatum Rhizoconia
salani
- eraKsBaØa
³ Cm¶WrlYyKl;kUneb:ge)a:HEtgekItelIdMNaMeRcInRbePT esÞIrRKb;RKYsarvacUlrYmbMpøaj
edayCm¶W
3 RbePTKwW Phytophthrora Pythium and Rhizoconia
- viFankarBar
-sMGatesµAeGayesµAeGays¥atbnßykareRsacTwk
-sMGatdIeGays¥atdUcCahaléf¶layCamYyfñaMpSMmunykeTAbNþáúaHRKab;
-RblakRKab;BUCCamYy
Thiram3Rkam b¤ Trichoderma 4 Rkam )aj;fañMpSitkñúgry³eBl
-cenøaHBI 8-10éf¶RbePTfñaM
Metalaxyorcaptan 2Rkam rhUtdl;kUneb:ge)a:HGacykeTA
daM)an
X > Cm¶WemSAelIsøWk ¬Guide lowekk l
. Black¦
-Pñak;garbgáCm¶W
³Leveillulataurica ¬Oidiopsissicula¦ Erysiphesp¬Oidium lycopersicum¦.
-eraKsBaØa
³ sBaØadMbUgKWeKsegáteXIjcMnucpSits²TaMgenaHraldaleBjcMkarEtmþgeFVIeGaysøwk
eb:ge)a:HERbBN’ébtgeTAetñatEtmþg.
- viFankarkarBar
-eRCIserIsBUCFnwigCm¶W
-pøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaM nig
eRCIserIsrdUvdaMduH
-dkedImEdlmanCm¶WduHecal
-)aj;fñaMpSitkarBar
-eRbIkareRsacRsBEpñkxagelIénedIm
-daMdMNaMenAtUcqøas;KñaBIdMNaMd¾éTeTot.
g / Cm¶WRseBan)ak;etrI
¬Bacteria wilt¦
- Pñak;garcMlg
³ Ratstoniac Solanacearum
Cm¶WnHKWCaCm¶WmYyRbePTbgáeRKaHfñak;ya:gxøaMgeTAelIdMNaMGMbUr
Cucubitaceac and solinaceac CaBiess dMNaMeb:ge)a:H nig
emÞs.
- eraKsBaØa ³ enAkñúgvKÁkUnsMNab nig lUtlas;dMbUgmunecjpáaCm¶WenHminmanlkçN³F¶n;F¶reLIy
b:uEnþ cab;epþImBIrvKÁecjpáaEpøkarratt,atelceLIgCaPaBmhnþrayya:gxøaMgKWdMbUgsegáteXIjedImeb:ge)a:H
TaMgmUlRseBanxøaMgeLIg²rhUtdl;s¶ÜtedImRCuHsøwkehIyqøgBIedImmYyeTAedImmYyCabeNþIr².
- lkçx½NÐbgá ³ RbePTdIeTIbEtrukrankabéRBmankarratt,atxaøMgeRBaHemeraKrs;enAkñúgkaksMnl;
rukçCati.
- viFankarN_karBar
-
eFVIdMNaMqøas;Edlmingaynwg TTYlCm¶WenH
-
pøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaMEdlminsßitenAkñúgRKYsarEtmYy
-
dkedImEdlekItCm¶Wdutecal
c / Cm¶WGucmUl)ak;etrI
¬Bacteria Spot¦
-
Pañk;garbgáCm¶W ³ Xanthomonas Campestris
- eraKsBaØa ³ Cm¶WGucmUleday)ak;etrIenaHekItenAelIsøwkEpøedIm.
enAelIsøwkEdlekItCm¶WenHeXIj mancMnucCargVg;edaymanCatiesImbnÞab;mkcMnucenHkøayCaBN’etñatEdlmanGgáp©itRbEvg
3 s>m.
- lkçxNÐbgá
³ eBlrdUvePøógeBlsItuNðPaBeLIgx
-
viFankarN_karBar ³
-
eRbIBUCl¥KaµnPñak;garcMlg
-
GnuvtþdaMduHdMNaMqøas;
-
eRbIfñaMpSit)aj;karBar ¬Spray Copper
+Maned¦
-
RbsinebIcaM)ac;eRbIfñaMEdlmansarFatuTg;Edg
-
cMeBaHdMNaMEdlmanCm¶WRtUvp¥akkareRsacRsBEpñkxagelIénedIm
-
RKab;BUCEdlekItCm¶WrtUvRClk;nwgTwkekþA enAsItuNðPaB 50 GgSaesry³eBl 25 naTI
q / Cm¶WvIrus ¬Tomato leaf curl virus¦
-
eraKsBaØa³Cm¶WenHeFVIeGaysøwkrYje)a:gBnøksøwkeLIgRtg;eTAelIehIyeFVIeGayedImeb:ge)a:HrYjxus
BIFmµtaCm¶WvIrusEdlekIteLIgBIPñak;garcMlg Cm¶WedayrujsøabsenAelIcMkar nimYy²GacqøgBIcMkardMNaMeTA
sYntampÞHEk,renaHvaGacmkBIdMNaMdaMmunKWenAedImrdUvdUcCaeb:ge)a:HenAcas;manCm¶WehIyqøgmkcMkareRka-yeBlRbmUlplmin)ankab;ecaldUcCa
Rtb Rtsk; CaedIm .
-
viFankarN_karBar
-
eRbIBUCFn;
-
pøas;bþÚrmuxdMNaMb¤dkedImEdlekItCm¶Wecal
-
eRbIR)as;fañMkMcat;stVl¥itedIm,IkMcat;Pañk;garcMlg sMGatesµAeGaysa¥tBIcMkar .
2>5>2
stVl¥itelIdMNaMeb:ge)a:H ¬Insects¦
k > dgáÚvhVÚg ¬Beet Army worm¦
-
eQµaHviTüasaRsþ ³ Spodoptara exihua
- GMbUr ³ Noctuidate
-
lMdab; ³ Lepidoptera
-
eQµaHTUeTA ³ Best army worm
- vdþCIvit ³ dgáÚvBgenAelIsøwk nig eRkabBIelIedaysMLIsrIragÁdUcRskarBg;jas;
kñúgry³eBl
3éf¶CaFmµtadgáÚvmanGayu 6dMNak;kalehIybBa©b;karlUtlas;ry³9-14éf¶dMNak;karkøay
CaDwkeDORbRBwtþeTAenAkñúgdIvijehIymanry³eBl
20éf¶dgáÚvERbBN’exµARsalCYnkaldgáÚvERbBN’ RsGab;
GacRcLMCamYyRbePTdgáÚvd¾éTeTot
.
-
karbMpøaj ³ ekIteLIgedaysardgáÚvsIusøwkdMNaMEdlmansñambMpøaj ehIybnSl;
EtKl;søwkcMeBaHEpøeFVIeGaymansñamehIys¶Üt. CaFmµtaEpñkxagkñúgmansañmRbehagedaysarkarecaHsIu
EpøbMpøajsñamRbehagEdldgáÚv)anedaHmansPaBs¶Üt EtrlYyenAxagkñúg .
x > dgáÚvecaHEpø ¬Tomato Fruit Worm¦
-
eQµaHviTüasaRsþ Heliothis armigera
-
GMbUr ³ Moctuidlate
-
lMdab; ³ lepidoptera
-
eQµaHviTüasaRsþ ³ Boll worm or corn
earworm
- karbMpøaj ³ dgáÚvecaHTMluHEpøeb:ge)a:HedayRbGb;mat;dUcdgáÚvcUlcitþsuI
Epø páa
nigkBa©MúpáaéndMNaM
K
> dgáÚvsIurUgb¤dgáÚsIuej: ¬Leaf
Miner¦
- eQµaHviTüasaRsþ ³ Lirioncyz
Huidobre
- GMbUr ³ Agromyzidae
- lMdab; ³ Dejptera
- eQµaHTUeTA Leaf
miner
-karbMpøaj³ CaTUeTAdgáÚvsIurUgsøwkekItenAelIdMNaMCaeRcInRbePTdUcCaxÞwmRkhm
dMLÚg)araMg sENþk nig eb:ge)a:HsøwkEdlRtUvkarbMpøajelcTMrg;bt;EbndUceKKUsEpnTI
.
2>6 niymn½yGuIRdUb:Unic
GIuRdUb:UnicKWCaBaküEdlmkBIGkSLataMgEdlmann½yfa
kardMaduHrukçCatienAkñúgTwk nig sUluysüúg sarFatu\T§iBledaymineRbIR)as;dI.
GIuRdUb:UnicGaceFVIeGayGñkdaMduHrukçCatiTTYl)anTinñplmYyEdlmanRbsiT§PaB
ehIy manrebob nig tMrUvkareBlevlatic . eBlEdleyIgKitGMBIGuIiRdUb:UniceyIg
RtUvKitfarukçCatiGaclUtlas;CamYy b¤srbsva
edaypÞal;CamYyTwk.
viTüasaRsþénGIuRdUb:Unic)anbgðajfadI KWminnaMmknUvtMrUkarcaM)ac;sMrab; rukçCatiduHlUt
las;b:uEnþvtßúFatuEdlcaM)ac;sMrab;rukçCatiKWsarFatuxniC
nig sarFatuEdlciBa©wmEdldIman . dICaGñkpÞúksar
FatuciBa©wmenAkEnøgEdlman b¤srukçCati RsUbykciBa©wmCIvittamEbbFmµCatiRsUbyk)anya:ggayry³ b¤s)anya:gl¥ edayKµankarxVHxatEdlnaMeGayrukçCatiGn;edIm.
esÞIrEtRKb;kardaMduHGIuRdUb:Unic
EbbBaNiC¢kmµTaMgGs;edaysarbBa©ÚlnUv bec©keTsCamYy nig kar
eRbIR)as;pÞHkBa©k;eFVIeGayeyIgGacRKb;RKg)annUvsItuNðPaB
sMeNIm nig kRmitBnøWEdlsmRsbeTA nig kardaMduHrukçCati .
2>6>1
GtßRbeyaCn_énGIuRdUb:Unic ¬Hydroponic¦
-
kargardaMduHdMNaMmanticCagkardaMduHenAelIdIedaymin)ac;P¢Ür rW e)acesµA
- eCosevogkarekItCm¶WBIdI
- kñúg
Hydroponic karlUtlas;rbs;rukçCatimankarlUtlas;elOn nig
dl;eRcInpgkñúgdI
-
sYndMNaM Hydroponic GacbegáIt)anRKb;kEnøg
-plitpl
Hydroponic)anpþl;sarFatuciBa©wmsMrab;mnusSbriePaKeRcInCagplitpldaMenAval
- plitpl Hydroponic CaTUeTAvamanrsCatil¥CagplitplenAkñúgksidæan
-
RbsindaM Hydroponic enAkñúgpÞHkBa©k;eyIgGacdaMduHeRcInva)aneBjmYyqñaM
-
mincMNayTMhMdIFMsMrab;kardaMduHeRcIn
2>6>2 RbePTénkardaMduHtam
Hydroponic
kardaMduH Hydroponicman4RbePTKW ³
- bec©keTsbgáksarFatuciBa©wm ¬Nutrient Film Technique NFT¦
- viFIsaRsþbnþk; ¬Drip Method¦
- RbB½n§minpøas;bþÚr ¬Passive system¦
- karhUrcuHeLIg ¬Ebb and Flow¦
k
> bec©keTsbgáksarFatuciBa©wm ¬Nutrient
Film Technique NFT¦
CamYynwgRbB½n§enHrukçCatiGaclUtlas;kñúgbMBg;EdlsUlyusüúgsarFatuciBa©wm
)an)aj;edayma:sIun
bUm. b¤srukçCati)aneCaKCaMeTAeday
sUluysüúgsarFatuciBa©wm EdlRtUv)an)aj;kat;dIenaH. Cakarl¥enaH
xagelIénb¤sRtUv)aneKdak;eGayRtUvxül;b¤s RbB½n§enHTamTarpþl;sUluysüúgeGay)anRKb;eBl. sMrab;
karbgðÚrsUluysüúgcUlmþg²RtUkarry³eBl10naTIbnÞb;mkbgðÚrvacUlmþgeTot.
cab;taMgBIb¤srukçCatimin Tan;manenAkñúgemdüÚmvaCakarsMxan;cMeBaHkarrkSasMeNImeGayrukçCati.
NFT KWCaviFImYyEdll¥sMrab; és< dMNaM yksøwk eRKOgeTs nig
dMNaMEdlmanGayukalxøI .
rUbPaBRbB½n§ NFT
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rUbPaBTI 8 ³
kardaMduHbEnøelIsUuuluysüúg
x > viFIsaRsþbnþk; ¬Drip Method¦
enAkñúgRbB½n§enHrukçCatiTTYl)ansUluysüúgtamry³karbnþk;
edayRbB½n§ beBa©jtameBlevla. vaCakarbnþk;sUluuysüúgeTAelIemdüÚmedIm,Ipþl;eGayrukçCatinUvsarFatuciBa©wmfµÍ²TwknwgGuksIuEsn.karbnþk;
enHCaTUeTARtUvkareBlevlaBI 10-15 naTICarerogral;em:ag. RbB½n§enHGacnaM)anesÞIrRKab;rukçCatiTaMgGs;
EdlenAelIemdüÚmCafµIsMrab;bNþúH ¬Grow rocks¦nig Pertlite .
RbB½n§enHeKEtgEteRbIkñúgkardaM
Hydroponic EbbBaNiC¢kmµehIysMrab;daMdMNaMEdlmanGayukal EvgdUcCa
eb:ge)a:H Rtsk;p¥r nig emÞÞs .
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rUbPaBTI
9 ³ kardaMduHtamviFIsaRsþbnþk;
sUluysüúgsarFatuciBa©wm)anRsk;eTAelIemdüÚmenAkMLúgeBlmYyd¾eTogTat;pþl; eTAeGayrukçCati
nUvsarFatuciBa©wm nig GuksIuEsnfµI² .
K >RbB½n§minpaøs;bþÚr ¬Passive System¦
GtßRbeyaCn_énsYnbEnødMNaM
HydroponicKWRtUvkarsMPar³tic. RbB½næenHmineRbIR)as;ma:sIunbUmeT
rWeBlevlasMrab;Bnøicb¤seT CaTUeTARbB½n§b¤svaeRcInenAkñúgsUluysüúgsarFatuciBa©wm
ehIy b¤srukçCati nig
RsUbykGuksIuEsnEdlvaRtUvkarBIsUluysüúg.RbB½n§enHCaTUeTAmankarlUtlas;yWt
nig minmanpl;x bBaðaenHGac
edaHRsay)anedaybEnßmma:sIiunbUmxül;;mYyedIm,IbBa©ÚleTAkñúgsUluysüúgsarFatuciBa©wm
.
;
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rUbPaBTI 10 ³ kardaMduHbEnøelIsUluysüúg tambec©keTsRbB½n§minpøas;bþÚr
X > karhUrcuHeT,Ig ¬Ebb and Flow¦
KWCaviFIsaRsþénsYn
HydroponicmYyEdlsmRsbeTARKb;rukçCatiTaMgGs;Edlpþl;cMnYYnsUluuysüúg
eTAeGayrukçCatienAeBlmYyd¾éTeTogTat; rukçCatiGaclUtlas;enAelIfñalbNþúHEdlmanfUsMrab;bNþúHEdl
bMeBjeTAeday emdüÚmenHedIm,IeGay b¤srukçCatimansMeNIm xN³eBlEdlpþl;eGayGuksIuEsneTAkan;
bnÞab;BIbgðÚrsUluysüúgsarFatuciBa©wmehIy.
RbB½n§TaMgenHRtUvkarbgðÚrsUluysüúgry³
10 - 15 naTICaerogral;mYyrWBIrem:agkñúgRbB½n§CaTUeTA b¤srbs;rukçCatilUtlas;enAemdüÚmEdlCadI\dælayRKYsfµl¥it²
nig Perlite. RbB½nædaMduHenHmankarniym cUlcitþcMeBaHGñkdaM Hydroponic enAtampÞHehIyvanmanlkçN³l¥sMrab;kardaMduHRKab;BUCdMNaMEdlmaGayu
kalEvg nig xøIEdlGacdaM)anya:gl¥kñúgenH.
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rUbPaBTI 11 ³ kardaMbEnøelIIsUluysüúgtambec©keTshUrcuHeLIg
sUluysüúgsarFatuciBa©wmRtUv)anhUrecjBIFugrYc)aj;tambMBgeTAkan;fñalbNþúHEpñkxagelIénfñal
edIm,Ipþl;rukçCatiry³eBlmYy. emdüÚmsMrab;bNþúH)anRsUbsUluysüúgTukrYc
ehIysUluysüúgEdlenAsl;
k¾hUrcuHmkvij .
CMBUk 3
viFIsaRsþRsavRCav
3>1 lkçN³TItaMgkEnøgBiesaFn_
3>1>1
TItaMgPUmisaRsþ
kñúgkargarBiesaFn_enHeFVIeLIgenAkñúgbrievNmCÄmNÐlbNþúHbNþalnigRsavRCavksikmµén
sakl viTüal½y)at;dMbgEdlsßitenAkñúgPUmiRsHEkvXMukMBugRBHRsuksEgáextþ)at;dMbg.
3>1>2 GakasFatu
taragTI 1 ³ GakasFatuKitCamFümRbcaMEx kBaØa \ tula \ vicäika \FñÚ \qñaM 2008
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Ex
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sItuNðPaB GgSaes
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BnøW Lux
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sMenImbriyakal %
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9
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35>33
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17881>3
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74>61
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10
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31>33
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17267>1
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71>33
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11
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29
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15842>2
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72
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12
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29>37
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16223>4
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78
|
k / sItuNðPaBKitCamFümRbcaMExGgSaes
sItuNðPaBGtibrimakñúgkMLúgeBlBiesaFn_manExEdlTabCageKKWEx
vicäika KitCamFümmansItuNðu PaB 29 GgSaes ehIyExEdlx
RkahVikTI 1 ³
sItuNðPaBRbcaMExKitCamFümGgSaes
x
/ sMenImbriyakasKitCamFümPaKry
cMeBaHsMeNImbriyakasenAkñúgqñaM
2008 RbcaMEx kBaØa dl;Ex FñÚ sMeNImbriyakaskñúg kMLúgeBl eFVIkarBiesaFn_KiCamFümKW
73/75 PaKry cMENkExEdlmansMeNImbriyakasTabCageK KWenAExtula sMNImbriyakasman
71/33 PaKry ehIyExEdlmansMeNImx
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RkahVikTI 2
³ sMeNImbriyakasKitCamFümPaKry
K /BnøWKitCamFümRbcaMEx Lux
cMeBaHBnøWRbcaMenAkñúgeBleFVIkarBiesaFn_BIExtuladl;
ExFñÚ BnøW KitCamFümKW 16803>53 Lux cMENkExEdlmanBnøWmFümTabCageKKW Exvicäika manBnøW15842>29
ehIyExEdlmanBnøWx30 .
RkahVikTI 3 ³ BnøWRbcaMExKitCamFüm Lux
3>2 sMPar³ nig ]bkrN_BiesaFn_
kargarBiesaFn_enH)aneRbIR)as;épÞdITMhM
5m x 6m esµIrnwg
30Em:Rtkaer . cMEnksMPar³Edlyk
mkeRbIkñúgkarBiesaFn_man Em:RtEvg cbkab; )aøsÞic EdkeKal
jjÜr kMb:ugTwkRkUccMNuH2lIRt kat;kMBs;BIKUf eTAelI 30 sm ehIyykmat;páab;cuHeRkamdak;és,exµARTab;
ehIydak;epHGgáamBIelI nig kñúgkMb:ugdak;RKab;fµl¥it²Tm¶n; 1KILÚRkam
edIm,Ikat;bnßykareRbIR)as; sUlUysüúg RKab;BUC CBa¢IgeGLic-
RtUnic kéRnþ sarFatuKImI .
3>3 viFIsaRsþénkarsikSatamdan
3>3>1
eBlevlaénkarBiesaFn_
ry³eBlBiesaFn_mancMnYn100éf¶Edl)ancab;epþImBIéf¶TI
18 \ kBaØa \qñaM 2008 rhUt;dl;éf¶TI 28 \ Ex FñÚ \ qñaM 2008 KWKitBIcab;
epþIm sabRKab;BUCrhUtdl;éf¶RbmUlpl rYcral;cugeRkay .
3>3>2 BUCEdlykmkdaM
cMeBaHBUCykmkBiesaFn_enHRtUv)anykBUCnaMcUlBIGaemrik
BUCenHmaneQµaHfa Duchess .
3>3>3 karerobcMbøg;BiesaFn_
taragTI 2 ³ kareRbIR)as;rUbmnþ
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bc©½yTI1 ¬ T0¦ eRbI
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bc©½yTI ¬ T1¦ eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extension service Florida
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bc©½yTI3 ¬ T2¦eRbIrUbmnþ Robbine
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xSac;10PaKry
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KNO3
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KNO3
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epHGgáam30PaKry
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CaCl2
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(NH4)SO4
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dIcMnYn60PaKry
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KH2PO4
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CaCl2
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MgSO4
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MgSO4
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Fe
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CaHPO4
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B
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Mn
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Cu
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Mo
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karBiesaFn_enHKWeFVIkardaMduHenA kñúgdbTwkRkUceRkampÞH)aøsÞic edaydak;kMb:ugeGaymanKMlatBIKña
40sm x 40sm. kñúgkMb:ugnimYy²RtUvdak;fµl¥itcMnYn1KILÚ.eBlkUneb:ge)a:HmanGayu2GaTitüRtUv)anyk
eTAdaMkñúgkMb:ugkat;dak;epHGgáamnigdak;és,Qwbdak;epHGgáamBIelIedaykñúgmYykMb:ugmYyedIm.
3>3>4 viFIsaRsþdaMduH
k / karerobcMfñal;sabRKab;BUC
karerobcMfñalsabRtUv)aneFVIenAéf¶TI
18 \ kBaØa \ qñaM 2008 edayeFVICaLaMgdak;epHGgáamenAkñúg
pÞH)aøsÞic .
x / karsabRKab;BUC
karsabenHeFVIenAkñúgLaMgsabRKab;BUCEdldak;epHGgáamehIykarbNþúHkUnenHeFVIenAkñúgpÞH
)aøsÞic eRBaHeyIgdaMduHvaenATIenaH.munnwgsabeyIgRtaMRKab;BUCCamYyTwkekþAGu‘n²cMnYn
15naTIp¥ak;TukrhUt RKab; duHeTIbykvaeTAsab .
K / kardaMkUn
kardaMkUneFIVeLIgenAéf¶TI 21 \ kBaØa \ qñaM 2008 bnÞab;mkeyIg)anerobcMepIgeTAtamlkçN³
RtwmRtUv ehIyeyIg cab;epþImykkUneb:ge)a:Hmkdak;daM . b:uEnþkñúgkMb:ugRtUvdak;sUluysüúgmunnwgdaMkUn
.
X / karlaysUluysüúg
taragTII 3 ³
kareRbIeR)as;rUbmnþ nig brimaNsarFatuciBa©wm
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bc©½yTI1 ¬T1¦ eRbIrUbmnþ Robbine
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bc©½yTI ¬T2¦ eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extension service Florida
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KNO3 = 0,408g\l
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KNO3= 0,36g\l
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CaCl2 = 0,820g\l
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(NH4)SO4= 0,08g\l
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KH2PO4l= 0,136g\l
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CaCl2= 0,17g\l
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MgSO4= 0,493g\l
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MgSO4= 0,16g\l
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Fe= 0,25mg\l
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CaHPO4= 0,90g\l
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B= 0,25mg\l
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Mn= 0,25mg\l
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Cu= 0,25mg\l
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Mo= 0,01mg\l
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karlaysUluysüúgmkeRbIR)as;eyIgRtUvlaysUluysüúgTaMgenaHeTAtamkMhab;EdleyIgcg)an sMrab; eRbIR)as;ehIyeyIgRtUvtRmUv pH eGaysmRsbtamtRmUvkarrbs;eb:ge)a:H .
rUbPaBTI 1 ³ karlaysUluuysüúg
g karbEnßmsUluysüúg
kareRsacRsBeb:ge)a:HkñúgkarBiesaFn_eyIgeRbIsUluysüúg
stock eFVIkareRsacRsBeday1GaTitü
bEnßmmþgrWeBlEdlsUluysüúgRskhYsBIkMb:ug .
c karRbmUlpl
eyIgeFVIkarRbmUlplEtelIEpøNa EdleyIgsegáteXIjTMul¥EpøEdlcas;l¥EpøEdlman BN’Rkhm
RBal². kñúgkarRbmUlplenHeyIgeFVIeLIgcMnYn3elIkEdlkñúgmYyelIk²mancMnYn7éf¶ehIyRbmUleTAtam
bc©½ynimYy²rYccab;epþImføwgsrubtambc©½ynimYy²ehIyrab;cMnYnEpøEdlRbmUlpl)ankñúg
1KILÚRkam .
3>3>5
karRbmUlTinñn½y
k
karvas;kMBs;edImeb:ge)a:H
karRsg;Tinñn½ykMBs;edImenHKWeFVIeLIgedaytaMgBIcab;epþImdak;kUneb:ge)a:H
daMenAkñúgepIg rhUtdl; ecjpáaeTIbeyIgQb;eFVIkarvas;kMBs;edIm edaykMNt;rYceBl 7
éf¶vas;kMBs;edImmþg .
x karrab;cMnYnsøwkeb:ge)a:H
kñúgkargarBiesaFn_enHKWeyIg)aneFVI karRsg;Tinñn½ycMnYnsøwkcab;BIéf¶dak; kUndaMrhUtdl;éf¶ecjpáa
dMbUgedaykMNt; 7
éf¶rab;cMnYnsøwkeb:ge)a:Hmþg .
K TMgn;Epøeb:ge)a:H
karRsg;Tinñn½yTm¶n;eb:ge)a:HsrubeyIgeFVIeLIgeRkayeBlRbmUlplrYcedayykEpøEdlRbmUlpl
)aneTAtambc©½ynimYy²
eTAeFVIkarføwgmþgmYyEpø²EdlRbmUlpl)an .
CMBUk 4
lTæpl nig karBiPakSa
4>1
kMBs;edImeBldaMrhUtdl;kþibKitCamFüm
tamry³karvas;kMBs;edImdaMrhUtkþib)anbgðajeGayeXIjfakMBs;edImeb:ge)a:HmankarERbRbYl
enAkñúgcenøaHBI 36/61 sm eTA 50 sm edayKitCamFümmantMélesµIrnwg 43/30 sm .
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RkahVikTI 1 ³ Tinñn½yRKwHkMBs;edIm ¬KitCa sm \edIm ¦
tamtaragTinñn½yRKwHkMBs;edIm)anbgðajeGayeXIjafa bc©½yTI1 ¬T1¦ Edl)aneRbIsUluuysüúg rUbmnþ Robbine EdlmFümKW 42/37 sm mankarlUtlas;l¥Cag bc©©½yTI2 ¬T2¦ Edl)aneRbIsUluy süúgrUbmnþ Ag - Extension service
Florida EdlmFümKW 36/61 sm ehIy bc©½yTI3 ¬T0¦ KWkareRbI eRbIdIcMnYn60PaKry epHGgáam30PaKry laynig xSac;10PaKry
mankarlUtlas;l¥CageK Edlman mFümKW 50 sm .
4>2
cMnYnpáaKitCamFümeBlecj)an50PaKry
tamry³karrab;cMnYnpáaeBlecj)an 50PaKry )anbgðajeGayeXIjfa cMnYnpáaeb:ge)a:Hmankar
ERbRbYlenAkñúgcenøaHBI 4/26 eTA 12/12 edayKitCamFüm
man tMélesµIrnwg 8/19 .
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RkahVikTI 2 ³ Tinñn½yRKwHcMnYnpáa ¬cMnYnpáa \edIm¦
tamtaragTinñn½yRKwHcMnYnpáa)anbgðajeGayeXIjafa
bc©½yTI 1 ¬T1¦ Edl)aneRbIsUluuysüúg rUbmnþ Robbine EdlmFümKW 7/37 mankarlUtlas;l¥Cag bc©©½yTI 2 ¬T2¦ Edl)aneRbIsUluysüúg rUbmnþ Ag-Extension serviceFloridaEdlmFümKW 4/26 ehIybc©½yTI 3 ¬T0¦KWkareRbI
dIcMnYn60PaKry epHGgáam30PaKry laynig xSac;10PaKry mankar lUtlas;l¥Cag eK EdlmanmFümKW 12/12 .
4>3
cMnYnsøwkKitCamFüm
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RkahVikTI 3 ³ Tinñn½yRKwHcMnYnsøwk ¬cMnYnsøwk
\edIm¦
tamtaragTinñn½yRKwHcMnYnsøwk)anbgðajeGayeXIjafa
bc©½yTI 1 ¬T1¦ Edl)aneRbIsUluuysüúg rUbmnþ Robbine EdlmFümKW 9/12 mankarlUtlas;l¥Cag bc©©½yTI 2 ¬T2¦ Edl)aneRbIsUluysüúg rUbmnþ Ag - Extension service Florida EdlmFümKW
8/12 ehIybc©½yTI 3 ¬T0¦kareRbIdIcMnYn 60 PaKry epHGgáam30PaKry laynig xSac;10PaKrymankar lUtlas;l¥CageK EdlmanmFümKW 13/37.
4>4
TinñplsrubKitCamFümRkamkñúgmYyedIm
tamry³karRbmUlpl)anbgðajeGayeXIjfaTinñpleb:ge)a:HmankarERbRbYlenAcenøaHBI
98>75 RkameTA 162>5Rkam edayKitCamFümmantMélesµIrnwg 128>5 Rkam .
RkahVikTI
4 ³ Tinñn½yRKwHTm¶n;Tinñplsrub ¬Rkam \edIm¦
tamtaragTinñn½yRKwHTinñplsrub)anbgðajeGayeXIjfa bc©½yT I1 ¬T1¦Edl)aneRbIsUluuysüúg rUbmnþ Robbine EdlmFümKW 125 Rkam mankarlUtlas;l¥Cag bc©©½yTI 2 ¬T2¦ Edl)aneRbIsUluysüúg rUbmnþ Ag - Extension service
Florida EdlmFümKW 98/75 Rkam ehIy bc©½yTI 3 ¬T0¦ kareRbIdIcMnYn 60 PaKry epHGgáam 30 PaKry laynig xSac; 10 PaKry
mankarlUtlas;l¥CageK EdlmanmFümKW 162/5 Rkam ehIyTm¶n;EpøCamFüm 2Rkam
kñúgmYyEpøRKb;bc©½ydUcenHcMnYyEpøkñúgbc½©ynimYy²KW ³
-bc©½y T0 KW
81 Epø
-bc©½y T1 K
W62 Epø
-bc©½y T2 KW
49 Epø
CMBUk 5
snñidæan
nig sMNUmBr
5>1 snñidæan
tamry³lTæplénkarBiesaFn_ eyIgGacsnñidæan)anfa ³ kñúgtaraglTæpl)anbgðajfa
kMBs;edIm cMnYnsøwk cMnYnpáa cMnYnTinñpl Edlbc©½yTI1eRbIrUbmnþ Robbinebc©½yTI2
eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extinsion
Service ehIy bc©½yTI3 eRbIdIcMnYn 60PaKry epHGgáam 30 PaKry
laynig xSac; 10 PaKryKWmanPaBxusKña.
-kMBs;edIm ³ bc©½yTI 3 eRbIdIcMnYn 60 PaKry
epHGgáam30PaKry lay nig xSac; 10PaKry mankMBs;edImx eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extinsion Service kMBs;edImCamFüm 36/61 sm bc©½yTI1
eRbIrUbmnþ Robbine kMBs;edImCamFüm
43/30 sm .
- cMnYnsøwk ³ bc©½yTI3 eRbIdIcMnYn 60PaKry epHGgáam 30PaKrylay
nig xSac; 10PaKry mancMnYnsøwkx eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extinsion Service cMnYnsøwkCamFüm 8/12 bc©½yTI
1 eRbIrUbmnþ Robbine cMnYnsøwkCamFüm 10/74 .
- cMnYnpáa ³ bc©½yTI 3 eRbIdIcMnYn60PaKry epHGgáam 30PaKrylay
nig xSac; 10PaKry mancMnYnpáax eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extinsion Service cMnYnpáaCamFüm
4/62 bc©½yTI 1 eRbIrUbmnþ Robbine cMnYnpáaCamFüm
8/19 .
- Tinñplsrub ³ bc©½yTI 3 eRbIdIcMnYn 60PaKry epHGgáam 30PaKrylay
nig xSac; 10PaKry manTm¶n;x eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extinsion Service Tm¶n;CamFüm 98/75Rkam bc©½yTI
1 eRbIrUbmnþ Robbine Tm¶n;CamFüm 128/5Rkam.
qøgtamkarRsg;Tinñn½y
nig karbkRsayxagelI)anbgðajeGayeXIjfa eb:ge)a:HBUC Duchess BUCnaMcUlBIGaemricGaceFVIkardaMduH
smRsbl¥eTA)anluHRtaEteyIgmankar bEnßmsarFatumIRkUFatueTAkñúg sUluysüúgeTIbeb:ge)a:HGaclUtlas;l¥enAkñúgsUluuysüúg.dUcCabc©½yTI
1 eRbIrUbmnþ Robbine Tm¶n;Ca
mFüm 125 nigbc©½yTI 2 eRbIrUbmnþ Ag-Extinsion Service Tm¶n;CamFüm 98/75
manTMgn;RsalCag bc©½yTI3 eRbIdIcMnYn60PaKry epHGgáam30PaKrylay
nigxSac;10PaKry manTm¶n;x
162/5Rkam.eRBaHenArUbmnþTI2
AgExtinsionService
rUbmnþenHBMumansarFatumIRkUFatueTeTIbTinñplman
Tm¶n;RsalCageKehIycMENkenAkñúgrUbmnþTI1
Robbine vijmansarFatumIRkUFatuEdrEteeyIgdak;kñúgkRmit
kMhab;Tab .
5>2 sMNUmBr
qøgtamkarBiesaFn_ nig RsavRCavrYcmk´)aTmansMNUmBr
dUcxageRkam ³ edayyl;eXIjfakar
BiesaFn_enHeTIbnwgeFVVVIkarminTan;)aneRcIndgenAeLIydUcenH
edIm,IeGaykarBiesaFn_elIkeRkay² eTotrwt
EtmanPaBsuRkitCagenHsUmeGayGñkbec©keTsGñkRsavRCav
nig Pñak;garEdlBak;Bæn½epSgeTot elIkyk karBiesaFn_enHmkeFVIkarBiesaFn_EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkareRbIsUluysüúgedIm,IQaneTArkPaBsuRkitmYy
nig edIm,IeGayksikr eRbIR)as;bec©keTsTaMgenHfVIt,itEt
bec©keTsTaMgenHRtUvcMNayfvikareRcInEmn b:uEnþva
GaceFVIeGayksikrcMeNjeBlevla
nig cMnUl)aneRcIn .
EteTaHCaya:genHkþIsañédniglT§plmYyEdl RbsUtecjBIkarBiesaFn_
RsavRCavtamlkçN³bec©k
eTsBit²Edlx¶MúmansgÄwmeCOCak;faBt’manTaMgT,ayEdlmanenAkñúgesovePAenHnig)anCa
RbeyaCn_sMrab;
eRbIR)as; nig CaTunmYysMrab;bMerIdl;b¥Ún²CMnan; eRkaykñúgkarsikSaRsavRCav edIm,IbMerI plRbeyaCn CUn
ksikr.
